True Virtues

What follows in blue is the third portion of Ismail Moosa’s article:

Proofs from the Sahaaba and Tabi’een

- Abdullah bin Masood (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) has said: “Verily music causes hypocrisy to grow in the heart as water causes plants to grow”.(Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr bin Khilaal in As Sunnah, Ibn Nasr al Marwazy in Tazeem qadr as salaah, Ibn al Batta, Ibn Abi ad Dunya in Dhamm al malahi, Ibn Sasri and others.)

- Numerous Scholars opine that the above statement is a statement of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). However, even if we accept it as a statement of Abdullah bin Masood (radiyallâhu ‘anhu), it will still be on the same status of the proclamations of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) since a statement of this kind cannot possibly be made up by the human mind. Also, keep in mind the following hadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) , “Believe and accept whatever Ibn Masood tells you!” (Narrated by Ahmad and Tirmidhi with a good chain)

- Ibn Abbaas (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) states: “The drum is prohibited, the duff [also pronounced as daff; the first is more eloquent) is prohibited, musical instruments are prohibited and flutes are prohibited” (Al Bayhaqi, Al Mutalib al aaliyah li Ibn Hajar)

- Abdullah bin Busr (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) has said: “…By the oath of Allah, a group of people will be disfigured whilst they are drinking wine and playing with musical instruments until they become like apes and swines” (Narrated by Ad Dulabi in Al Kuna wal Asmaa)

- Adi bin Artaar (rahimahullah) narrates that Auf bin Malik emerged from Damascus heading to a village of Bani Fazarah to visit a friend of his who resided therein. A group of people gathered around him and a discussion ensued. A person enquired: “Who can mention something regarding the followers of Dajjaal.” Auf bin Malik (rahimahullah) replied: “They will be a group who regard wine, silk and music as permissible…” (Tabrani narrated it in Musnad Shamiyyeen)

- Auzai (rahimahullah) mentioned: “Umar bin Abd Azeez wrote to Umar bin Waleed: “…and musical instruments is an innovation in Islam…” (Narrated by An Nasai and Abu Nuaim and the chain of narrators is extremely authentic)

- Abdullah bin Masood (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) has said: “I should not find any of you lying on his back with one leg over the other raising his voice in songs and abandoning the Quran” (Narrated by Al Bayhaqi in Shuab al Iman)

- Abdul Kareem Al Jazari (rahimahullah) mentions: “When you see a person abandoned the Masjid, and spends his time on music and wine, then don’t even ask about him” (Narrated by Al Bayhaqi in Shuab al Iman)

- Fuzail bin Ayaaz (rahimahullah) has said: “Music is the catalyst of zina” (Narrated by Al Bayhaqi in Shuab al Iman)

- Yazeed bin Waleed An Naqidh (rahimahullah) has advised: “Oh Bani Ummayah, save yourselves from music, because it will decrease your modesty, increases your lust and demolishes your morality. It will cause you to incline to wine and cause you to do what a drunken person does. If (as a last resort) you really have to listen to music then, at least save your womenfolk from it for verily music leads to fornication.” (Narrated by Al Bayhaqi in Shuab al Iman)

- Saeed bin Al Musayyab (rahimahullah) claimed: “Verily I hate music and I love ‘rajaz’ (name of a poetical meter)” (Al Baghwi in Sharh as Sunnah)

- A person asked Qasim bin Muhammad (rahimahullah) concerning music. Qasim bin Muhammad (rahimahullah) replied: “I forbid you from it (and let me tell you) I really abhor it.” The questioner asked: “Is it haraam?” Qasim bin Muhammad (rahimahullah) replied: “Oh my nephew, if Allah had to separate truth from falsehood in which category would you put music?” (Narrated by Al Bayhaqi in his Sunan)

- Ishaq (rahimahullah) stated: “I asked Abu Abdillah concerning a person who breaks a drum, mandolin or (pours out) the wine of another person, is there any compensation compulsory upon him?” Abu Abdillah replied: “You should destroy all of these and nothing will be compulsory upon you!” (Narrated by Abu Bakr bin Al Hilaal in Al Amr bil Maroof)

- Hasan Basri (rahimahullah) mentioned: “The duff is not from the sunnats of Muslims in any way” (Ibn Abi ad Dunya in Dhamm al malahi)

- Abi al Qasim narrates that Ibrahim (rahimahullah) abhorred the income of mourners and singers. (Bukhari, Musannaf Abd ar Razzaq, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah)

- Abu Khalid narrates that Shabi detested the wages of a singing girl. (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah)

- Amr narrates that Hasan did not like the earnings of a mourner and a singer. (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah)

- Rafi bin Hafs Al Madani states: “Allah won’t look at four people on the day of Qiyamah…(one of them is).. a singer” (Dhamm al Malahi)

- Abu Yazeed says: “I heard Makhool say: “Whoever dies and has a singing girl in his possession, no salaah (janazah) will be prayed on him.” (Al Amr bil maroof of Abu Bakr Al Khalal)

- Qatada (rahimahullah) has said: “The devils Quran is poetry, his Muadhin is musical instruments and his net is women.” (Fath Al Bari of Ibn Hajar)

- Shawkani (rahimahullah) claimed: “The vast majority of Scholars were of the opinion that music is forbidden.” (Aun al mabood)

- Allamah Anwar Shah Kashmiri (rahimahullah) asserted, “The vast majority of Ulama including Scholars from all four Madhabs maintained that music is forbidden.” (Al Arf as shadhi)

- Muaaz Al Ammi (rahimahullah) said: “When Shurai (rahimahullah) heard the sound of a duff he remarked: “Verily the Angels do not enter a house in which there is a duff” (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah)

- Imraan bin Salimah (rahimahullah) mentioned: “Khaithamah (rahimahullah) said to me that he heard Suwaid (rahimahullah) saying: “Verily the Angels do not enter a house in which there is a duff” (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah)

This concludes the excerpts from the article; the original article with full arabic citations and other sections can be located here.

What follows in blue is the second portion of Ismail Moosa’s article:

Proofs from the Authentic Ahaadeeth

(1) Abû `Amir (or Abû Mâlik) al-Ash`arî (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) mentions that Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wasallam said: ((Indeed, there will be in my Ummah such people who will regard as permissible for themselves fornication, silk, wine and musical instruments…..))

(Narrated by Imam Bukhari in his Saheeh, Abu Dawood in his Sunan, Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh, Tabrani in Mujam al Kabeer and Musnad ash Shamiyeen and by Da’laj in Al Muntaqa)

(2) Nabi (sall Allahu alayhi wasallam) has said: ((Indeed, people will change the name of wine to consume it and play with musical instruments, Allah will cause the earth to swallow them and change them into monkeys and swines)) (Narrated by Ibn Majah in his sunan, Ibn Hibbaan in his saheeh, Al Bukhari in Jami al Kabeer, Al Bayhaqi in his Sunan, Al Aadaab and Shuab al Iman, Ibn Abi Shaybah in his Mussannaf, At Tabrani in Al Mujam al Kabeer and Musnad ash Shamiyeen, Al Baghwi, Ibn A’rabi etc)

(3) ‘Imrân ibn Husayn (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) narrates that Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wasallam said:

((In this Ummah there will be [people who will be] sunk into the earth, deformed, and upon whom stones will rain from heaven.))

When the Sahâbî enquired as to when will that be, Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wasallam replied:

((When singing girls and instruments of music will appear (become prevalent), and wine will be drunk.)) (Narrated by Tirmidhi, Ad Dani, Ibn Abi ad Dunya, Ruyani and others. This hadith is narrated with numerous chains)

NOTE: Because of being narrated through seven different chains, we could have narrated this same hadith as a minimum of seven different Ahadith (as is the practice of Muhaddithoon, In fact, Ibn Abi ad Dunya and others did mention this very same hadith as over seven Ahadith because of the different chains). Nevertheless, we have sufficed by mentioning it only once, and explained all the various chains in Arabic.

(4) Anas bin Malik (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) mentions that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said:

((Two voices are cursed in this world and the hereafter; Music at the time of happiness and wailing at the time of calamity)) (Narrated by Al Bazzar, Adh Dhiyaa al Maqdisi, Ibn Murduyah, Al Bayhaqi, Abu Nuaim and others. Allama Haythami and Allamah Mundhiri both said: “The narrators are reliable” i.e. this hadith is authentic)

(5) Abdur Rahman bin Auf (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) narrates that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said:

((Verily I have been prohibited from two asinine and evil voices: a voice at the time of happiness; play, leisure and MUSIC…..)) (Narrated by Abd bin Humaid, At Tahawi, Al Bazzar, Al Baghwi, Al Bayhaqi, Al Aajuri, Ibn Abi ad Dunya, Al Hakim, Ahmad bin Manee’, Abu Ya’la al Musily, Ibn Abi Shayba and At Tirmidhi said that this narration is ‘hasan’(good and sound)

(6) Abu Muawiyyah (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) narrates that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said:

((Verily Allah azza wa jall has sent me with guidance and as a mercy to mankind and (inspite of this) he ordered me to obliterate musical instruments, idols, the cross and things of ignorance)) (Narrated by At Tayalisi, Ahmad, At Tabrani in Mujam al Kabeer, Ibn Abdul Barr, Hassan Bin Sufyaan, Ibn Munda, Abu Nuaim, Ar Ruyani, Al Harith, Al Ashyab, Al Haythami, Al Ajuri, Ibn An Najjjar, Ibn Adi and others. This hadith is hasan li ghairihi (good because of a few corroborating chains)

(7) Abu Umamah (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) narrates that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said:

((A group of my Ummah will spend a night in food, drinks and party, they would wake up the next morning deformed into swine’s and few tribes would be submerged into the earth, people would wake up saying: “The earth has sunk in the locality of a certain tribe. And stones would be showered upon them as it was showered on the nation of Lut. A devastating wind will be sent on them and scatter them as it did to those before them. (The reason for this) will be due to drinking wine, devouring interest, adorning silk, KEEPING SINGING GIRLS and breaking family ties.(A narrator says: “Another quality was mentioned which I cannot recall”.) (Narrated by Ahmad, Ibn Abi ad Dunya, Al Kharaeety, Al Isbahani, At Tayalisi, Abu Nuaim, Ibn Asaakir, Ibn Mardooyah, Al Bayhaqi, Al Hakim and others. Al Hakim graded it as authentic mentioning that it fulfils the conditions of Imam Muslim.)

(8) Nafi (Rahimullah) narrates that Ibn Umar (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) heard the (sound of the) musical instruments of a shepherd. He immediately placed his hands in his ears and changed his route and continuously asked: “Oh Nafi, Can you still hear?” (Nafi says): “I constantly replied in the positive. When I finally said that I could not hear, Ibn Umar resumed his route. Thereafter, Ibn Umar mentioned: “This is what Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) did.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood, Ibn Hibbaan, At Tabrani in Al Kabeer and Al Awsat, Ahmad, Al Bayhaqi, Al Haythami, Al Aajuri, Ibn Sad, Ibn Abi ad Dunya in Al War’ and Dham al malahi and others. This hadith is narrated through chains which are authentic. Abul Fadhl As Sulamy also said that this hadith is authentic)

(9) Abdullah bin Amr narrates from Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said: “The similitude of a person who sits on the bed of a singing girl is like that person who is devoured by a black snake from the black snakes of the day of Qiyamah.” (Majma az Zawaaid with reference to At Tabrani. Allamah Haythami said that the narrators are authentic)

(10) Kaisan, the freed slave of Muawiyyah (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) says: “Muawiyyah once delivered a sermon in which he said: “Oh people, verily Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) prohibited seven actions and I also prohibit you from: (The nine actions are)…… music…” (Narrated by At Tabrani and Abu Ya’la in his Musnad. Allamah Haythami said that the narrators of one chain are all reliable)

(11) Ibn Abbaas (radiyallâhu ‘anhu) narrates that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has said: “Verily Allah has prohibited wine, gambling and ‘the drum’.” Thereafter he said: “And every intoxicant is forbidden.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood in his Sunan, Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh, Abu Ya’la Al Mausali in his Musnad, At Tahawi in Sharh Ma’ani al Aathaar, Al Bayhaqi in his Sunan, Ahmad in his Musnad and Al Ashribah,At Toosi in his Arbaeen,Ibn Al Muqri in his Mujam,Ibn Abi ad Dunya and others. This hadith is authentic)